The Inter-Allied games was an athletic tournament organized by the United States military and the YMCA. The games were held in Paris from June 22 – July 6, 1919. One of the most popular events of the games was the eight team soccer competition.
The nations were organized into two groups of four and the top team in each group competed in the final. One group contained the United States, Canada, Czechoslovakia and Belgium while the other consisted of France, Italy, Greece and Romania. Ultimately, Czechoslovakia and France met in the final and after a close match the Czechs took home the hardware winning 3-2. The performance of the United States team at the games was not the best as they won only a single game while finishing with a minus-12 goal difference. Still it could have been worse as Canada and Romania failed to win and Greece who also managed one victory conceded 15 more goals than they scored. In some ways though the U.S. team acquitted itself pretty well considering that the American Expeditionary Force seemed to give little attention to building the strongest possible squad. As I mention in the podcast, the army was willing to return soldiers who had already been demobilized back to the U.S. when they thought it gave them the best chance to win an event. Such a policy did not seem to apply to soccer and instead most of the returned athletes competed in track and field events. In contrast to this approach other nations turned out strong teams featuring some of the continent’s top players.
Inter-Allied Games Results
| June 24, 1919 | France 4 Romania 0 Czechoslovakia 4 Belgium 1 |
| June 25, 1919 | Italy 9 Greece 0 United States 5 Canada 4 |
| June 26, 1919 | France 11 Greece 0 Czechoslovakia 8 United States 2 Italy 7 Romania 1 Belgium 5 Canada 2 |
| June 28, 1919 | Greece 5 Romania 2 Belgium 7 United States 0 France 2 Italy 0 Czechoslovakia 3 Canada 2 |
| June 29, 1919 | Czechoslovakia 3 France 2 |
Listen to the Inter-Allied Games podcast here.
Czechoslovakia
Participation in the Allied-Games represented the first major international sporting appearance for this newly created nation. Although because the matches played in Paris are not recognized by FIFA or the International Olympic Committee the country’s official debut would have to wait until the 1920 Olympics. The team that played in the Inter-Allied games was made up largely of players taken from the club Sparta Prague. Probably the top star of the side and one of the most notable players in the tournament was forward Antonín Janda. Nicknamed “Tank” because of his powerful and direct play, Janda began his career as a defender before moving to the attack. He was not blessed with great pace but played with deceptive quickness and had a powerful shot from distance. During the games he was one of the most popular players, especially with the Americans. Janda had a large pumpkin shaped head (he’s in the center of the photo above, next to the soldier) and his left eye was permanently half-closed the supposed result of a kick to the face and he looked much older than he really was. At the conclusion of the final match, American soldiers hoisted him on their shoulders and carried him from the field. Later when arrangements were being made for Sparta to tour the United States in 1926, the terms of the contract reportedly demanded that Janda be included in the team even though he had not featured regularly for Sparta in the past two seasons.
Janda was one of the stars of the Inter-Allied games but was probably even better at the 1920 Olympics where he scored hat tricks in two different games. The Czech team that reached the gold medal match (they forfeited in protest over the actions of the English referee) included thirteen players from the Inter-Allied roster, the most of any nation that competed in both tournaments. Other top players who appeared in both the Inter-Allied games and the Olympics include defender Antonín Hojer and midfielder Václav Pilát. The coach of the Czech squad at the Inter-Allied games and later in the Olympics was former Celtic forward Johnny Madden. The riveter turned footballer won three championships with the Scottish club and after retiring as a player took up coaching at Slavia Prague.
France
Going into World War I, soccer was not widely popular in France and was largely a game played by the urban middle classes. The experience of the war led to dramatic changes as the sport exploded in popularity leading to institutional reform and the emergence of a national football culture. Despite the fact that it had a limited following compared to other sports, notably rugby, the country still produced some remarkably talented players, many of whom appeared at the Inter-Allied games. The top French star of the tournament was goalie Pierre Chayriguès. Known as a sweeper keeper before such a term existed, Chayriguès was famous for his fearless style despite his relative small size. Unfortunately such play often resulted in serious injury and indeed some reports indicate that he broke his hip and pelvis during the Inter-Allied games final, although I could find no contemporary report that confirmed this. Regardless of whether or not it happened at the games, he was seriously injured at some point during 1919 and as result was unable to compete at the 1920 Olympics. A few years later he broke his leg and ankle in a collision and was forced to retire shortly afterwards. Both before and after the war Chayriguès turned out for Red Star AC where he won three straight French cups between 1921-23. Prior to the conflict he was known as one of the world’s top keepers and during a tour of England even turned down an offer from Tottenham Hotspur.
Midfielder François Hugues, was a supurb athlete who commanded the center of the pitch for Red Star and the French national team. Although not technically gifted he played with a cool head and was strong in the air despite lacking stature. Another notable French player was Raymond Dubly who, like a few of his seven older brothers played club football with RC Roubaix. A superbly conditioned winger who relied on speed, Dubly scored 4 goals in 31 appearances for France and was one of the “Heroes of Pershing” who defeated England in 1921 on the same ground where he lost the Inter-Allied final. The captain for France that day was twenty-year old Lucien Gamblin, a teammate of Chayriguès and Hughes at Red Star and also a member of the 1919 Inter-Allied squad.
Other Nations
Nearly all of the players representing Canada were originally from the United Kingdom. A detailed list of the players can be found here. One such example is Boyd Mayson who was born in Keswick, England in 1892 and arrived in Canada in 1912. He played for Norwood Wanderers, Manitoba Football Association champions in 1912-13 and winners of the first Dominion of Canada Championship (1913). A musician by trade he enlisted in 1915 and eventually rose to the rank of Sergeant. Another Player of British origin was Sammy Gough who was born in Sale (part of greater Manchester) in 1897. He won the Bennett Shield and Connaught Cup with Calgary Hillhurst in 1922. Charles Hitchens (b. 1891 in Quetta, India) was the Captain of the IA squad and appears in the team photograph standing just to the left of the goalkeeper. One later report claimed that he had previously played for Liverpool and Millwall but I found nothing to confirm this information. During the war he was a driver with the 4th Division and broke his jaw during a football match in England on May 5, 1918.
Following the conflict he won the Island Championship, British Columbia Championship and Grand Challenge Cup with Cumberland United in 1920-21. Later he lined up for losing side Canadian Colliers in the FA Trophy final of 1926. Probably the most established player to represent Canada at the games was forty-one year old William Alfred “Alf” Spouncer. An accomplished outside left, Spouncer was born in Gainsbourgh, England and had spells at Sheffield United (1895-97) and Nottingham Forest (1897-1910) with whom he won the FA cup in 1897-98. He earned a single cap for England in 1900 and after the war was manager of FC Barcelona for the 1923-24 season.
Due to an opening match loss to Czechoslovakia, Belgium did not reach the final of the Inter-Allied soccer championship. The squad did not lack for quality, however, and at least six players from the 1919 side helped the country win gold at the 1920 Olympics. Among the leading figures on both teams was Armand Swartenbroeks. Later known as the Red Doctor because of his medical degree and socialist politics, Swartenbroeks was the most capped player in Belgium during the 1910s and 1920s.
Before France’s match against Italy the newspaper L’Auto highlighted the speed and incisiveness of the Azzurri. The player who led the line for the Italians was Swiss-born forward Ermanno Aebi. At the age of 18 he joined Inter Milan where he spent his entire playing career and remains the club’s ninth all-time scorer having netted 106 goals in only 142 games. Despite the fact that he had Swiss citizenship Aebi volunteered for military service in Italy which explains his appearance at the Inter-Allied games. Also on the Italy squad was midfielder Renzo de Vecchi who made his debut for AC Milan in 1909 when he was just 15 years old. In appreciation of his divine skill, fans soon dubbed him Figlio di Dio – Son of God. Before the age of 20 he moved to Genoa for a then record fee and went on to make 171 appearances for the club, winning the scudetto in 1914-15 (the last before the war) and again in 1922-23 and 1923-24.
One of the players listed for the Greek team at the Inter-Allied games is identified in the official publication as “Andre Protopoulos.” Given the books unfortunate habit of misspelling player names, even those in English, I believe this may be a corruption of the surname Andrianopoulos, one well known in Greek soccer history. Five brothers from the Andrianopoulos family played soccer and it was likely the oldest Yiannis who represented his nation in 1919. Yiannis would have been 18 or 19 during the games and while Giorgos was on the 1920 Olympic squad alongside his older brother, he would have been only 16 at the Inter-Allied tournament. In 1925 the Andrianopoulos brothers played a key role in the founding of Olympiacos F. C. with Yiannis serving as player, manager and eventually team president.
A detailed discussion of the Romanian team is available here.
Originally posted June 2014, updated November 2018.
Sources and Further Reading
Podcast Sources
G. Drigny, “Chayriguès sauve son equipe” Vie au Grand Air, 15 juillet 1919.
Lewis Guy, “World War I and the Emergence of Sport for the Masses” Maryland Historian 4, no. 2 (1973): 109-122.
The Inter-Allied Games. Paris 22nd June to 6th July 1919, ed. Joseph Mills Hanson. Paris: The Games Committee, 1919.
L’Auto (special thanks to Arnaud Waquet)
James Mennell, “The Service Football Program of World War I: Its Impact on the Popularity of the Game” Journal of Sport History 16, no. 3 (1989): 248-260.
Official Athletic Almanac of the American Expeditionary Forces 1919. A.E.F. Championships, Inter-Allied Games, eds. Col. Wait C. Johnson and Elwood S. Brown. New York: American Sports Publishing, 1919.
Official History of the Eighty-Sixth Division. Chicago: States Publications Society, 1921.
W. Pope,Patriotic Games. Sporting Traditions in the American Imagination 1876-1926. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Thierry Terret, “American Sammys and French Poilus in the Great War: Sport, Masculinities and Vulnerability” The International Journal of the History of Sport 28, nos. 3-4 (March 2011): 351-371.
Thierry Terret, Les jeux interalliés de 1919. Sport, guerre et relations internationales. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2002.
Thierry Terret, ” ‘The Military Olympics’ of 1919. Sport, Diplomacy and Sport Politics in the Aftermath of World War One” Journal of Olympic History 14, no. 2 (2006): 22-31. Terret called the games the “cultural face” of the diplomatic wrangling.
“Some of Pershing’s Athletes” Leslie’s Weekly, June 28, 1919.
Spalding’s Official Soccer Foot-Ball Guide, ed. Thomas Cahill. New York: Sports Publishing Company, 1918-22.
Arnaud Waquet, “Sport in the Trenches: The New Deal for Masculinity in France” The International Journal of the History of Sport 28, nos. 3-4 (March 2011): 331-350.
Arnaud Waquet and Joris Vinent, “Wartime Rugby and Football: Sports, Elites, French Military Teams and International Meets during the First World War” The International Journal of the History of Sport 28, nos. 3-4 (March 2011): 372-392.
Episode Notes Sources
Special thanks to Christian Hesle for helping to identify several of the Canadian players.
“Ermanno Aebi,” http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermanno_Aebi
“Giorgis Andrianopoulos,” http://wiki.phantis.com/index.php/Giorgos_Andrianopoulos
“Yiannis Andrianopoulos,” http://wiki.phantis.com/index.php/Yiannos_Andrianopoulos
Didier Braun, “Pierre Chayriguès,” http://uneautrehistoiredufoot.wordpress.com/2012/01/06/pierre-chayrigues/
Didier Braun, “La première star du foot français jouait au Red Star,” http://uneautrehistoiredufoot.wordpress.com/2012/01/06/la-premiere-star-du-foot-francais-jouait-au-red-star/#more-725
“Pierre Chayriguès,” http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Chayriguès
“Renzo De Vecchi,” http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_De_Vecchi
“Raymond Dubly,” http://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/351-raymond-dubly
“Raymond Dubly,” http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Dubly
“François Hugues,” http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Hugues
“Anontín Janda” http://www.spartaforever.cz/ukaz_clanek.php?clanek=753
“Lucien Gamblin,” http://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/421-lucien-gamblin
“Players,” http://www.inter.it/en/archivio_giocatori
“Alf Spouncer” http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersS/BioSpouncerWA.html
“Armand Swartebbroeks – the Red Doctor,” http://gottfriedfuchs.blogspot.com/2014/01/armand-swartenbroeks-red-doctor.html
Sound Clips in this episode from www.freesound.org:
water_splash.wav by sound scalpel.com
rbh Le Mans passby 05.wav by RHumphries
generic prop_end(4.474).wav by Jillian Callahan
Soldier_VoiceOtherOutdoor=Inform_Grenade by Vosvoy
party.mp3 by winsx87
Metal Band Jam 5 Thrash.wav by RutgerMuller
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7 from Humoresques, Op. 101 by Antonín Dvořák from Musopen.org
Dixie by the Columbia Orchestra from archive.org